Includes bibliographical references.

Introduction, background and concluding remarks -- Description of the case study ports -- Exhaust emissions -- Energy use and emissions of greenhouse gases -- Other environmental problems related to the port activities -- Land use, hinterland distribution and feeder traffic -- Other port-related environmental issues.

"This book examines the environmental impacts of international maritime transport, and looks more in detail at the impacts stemming from near-port shipping activities, the handling of the goods in the ports and from the distribution of the goods to the surrounding regions. It focuses on five ports: Los Angeles and Long Beach, California, the United States; Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Port Metro Vancouver, Canada; and Busan, Korea. The book provides examples of the environmental problems related to port activities (such as air pollution and emissions of greenhouse gases, water pollution, noise, spread of invasive species, etc.) and highlights a number of different policy instruments that can be used to limit the negative impacts. It is a valuable resource for policy makers and researchers alike."--Publisher's description.